Differential Diagnoses

	Diagnosis
General	Child abuse Ingestion/poisoning Neonatal abstinence syndrome
ID	Sepsis Meningitis Pertussis Respiratory viral infections UTI
Neuro	Epilepsy/seizures Infantile spasms Benign neonatal epilepsy syndrome Head trauma Congenital hypoventilation syndrome Tuberous sclerosis Congenital or structural brain abnormalities Progressive neurologic disease
CV	Congenital heart disease Cardiomyopathy Long QT syndrome Arrhythmia
Respiratory	Central apnea Obstructive apnea Pneumonitis
FEN/GI	Gastroesophageal reflux Nasopharyngeal reflux Oropharyngeal dysphagia Laryngospasm Tracheoesophageal fistula Esophageal stricture Extraesophageal vascular slings Cricopharyngeal achalasia
GU	Parenchymal disease
MSK	Neuromuscular disorders
Endocrine	Urea cycle disorder Fatty acid oxidation disorders Glycogen storage disease Organic acidemias Lactic acidemias
Heme	Anemia

Merritt, J. L., 2nd, Quinonez, R. A., Bonkowsky, J. L., Franklin, W. H., Gremse, D. A., Herman, B. E., Jenny, C., Katz, E. S., Krilov, L. R., Norlin, C., Sapién, R. E., & Tieder, J. S. (2019). A Framework for Evaluation of the Higher-Risk Infant After a Brief Resolved Unexplained Event. Pediatrics, 144(2). https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2018-4101

Tieder, J. S., Bonkowsky, J. L., Etzel, R. A., Franklin, W. H., Gremse, D. A., Herman, B., Katz, E. S., Krilov, L. R., Merritt, J. L., 2nd, Norlin, C., Percelay, J., Sapién, R. E., Shiffman, R. N., & Smith, M. B. (2016). Brief Resolved Unexplained Events (Formerly Apparent Life-Threatening Events) and Evaluation of Lower-Risk Infants. Pediatrics, 137(5). https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2016-0590

These pathways do not establish a standard of care to be followed in every case. It is recognized that each case is different, and those individuals involved in providing health care are expected to use their judgment in determining what is in the best interests of the patient based on the circumstances existing at the time. It is impossible to anticipate all possible situations that may exist and to prepare a pathway for each. Accordingly, these pathways should guide care with the understanding that departures from them may be required at times.

Differential Diagnoses

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